（二合一）热痛觉测量仪 -金沙1005

二合一热痛觉测量仪包含足底痛觉测量仪和甩尾测痛仪：

• plantar test hargreaves method 足底痛觉测量仪

• tail flick test analgesia meter apparatus 甩尾测痛仪

型号：390型+33型 或 390g型+33型

足底痛觉实验用于测试镇痛药物影响无束缚大鼠对外部热刺激的反应时间，使用时先通过从爪下面的测试头发出导向光将光源移到动物爪底，通过反光镜确定位置，避免频繁弯腰和低头，方便操作，启动加热光束照射到动物爪底进行实验。

足底热测痛仪主要特点：     

ø 精确数字控制， 时间精确度为0.01s

ø 自动切断保护功能

ø 光束强度可调节，步进量1％

ø 手工结束测试，减少误触发

ø 强制取消定时器功能

ø 数字显示功能

ø 动物不需固定限制

ø 加热玻璃可选配

ø 测试头具有反光镜辅助观察

ø 标准计算机打印口输出

ø 型号：390 爪刺激痛觉测试仪

ø 型号：390g 爪刺激痛觉测试仪内置热玻璃

疼痛甩尾测试仪用于测试动物疼痛反应时间和动物对镇痛药物的疼痛反应极限。实验过程中，检测到动物尾部甩动后内置的计时器自动停止计时。

疼痛甩尾测试仪主要特点： 

 

ø 实时尾部温度/触发可选

ø 触发温度设置功能

ø 精确数字控制，时间精确度为0.01秒

ø 自动切断保护功能

ø 光束强度可调节，步进量1％

ø 自动检测活动反应

ø 强制取消定时器功能

ø 数字显示功能

ø 标准计算机打印口输出

the iitc plantar test analgesia meter for paw stimulation can be used on 12 mice, 6 rats and other animals (cats, rabbits) unrestrained when testing for narcotic drugs. experiments are easy to perform, simply slide the test head under test subject, align the heat source via our exclusive guide light (idle state) by the attached, adjustable, angled mirror on test head to test subject and perform tests.

start, stop and reset of tests is done by either the push button on test head, front panel controls or supplied footswitch.

with our exclusive “idle state” of the heat source one is assured of exact placement of the heat source. tests are performed on the plantar surface by a focused, radiant heat light source. the light beam is focused to the top of the glass and creates a 4x6mm intense spot on the paw.

our method of visible light is superior to the infrared light method, since a user will not always know exactly where/when the test will start, causing false starts and conditioning of animals. a built-in timer displays reaction time in .01 second increments.

the height of the glass is adjustable allowing the focal point of the light to be adjusted to stimulate other body parts if needed. a humane cutoff timer is standard. the unit can be preset for a cutoff period, at the end of which the heat source shuts off automatically if the animal has not responded, avoiding tissue damage. our test head does not emit , clicking or whining noises that cause preconditioning of animals prior to test as with other systems on the market.

our exclusive heated glass option eliminates the glass acting as a heat sink. this feature will eliminate the reaction time of the animals to be altered due to the fact that they are placed on cold glass allowing the possibility of delayed response time to the applied heat source. built-in heating elements in the glass which are digitally controlled for consistent temperatures. temperature readout and adjustment from 30-40 degrees c. for the heated base is controlled on the heated base.

                      tail temperature option  animal enclosure

three individual, acrylic animal enclosures are supplied. each enclosure allows for 2 rats/4 mice allowing testing of up to 6 rats/12mice total. enclsoures have strong magnets to prevent animals from possible escape., individual lids, clear dividers in-between test subjects.

tail flick test mode - the test head is attached to the electronic gear and the heat source now sits over a tail groove that has a sensor that detects the when the animal flicks it tail. system records and displays time and temperature of test. a humane cutoff timer that can be set by user, preventing tail tissue damage if test subject has not reacted within preset time.

tail temperature option (t)
measurement of tail temperature at all times.

trigger temperature is automatic at the start of every test.

this optional feature allows automatic preheating of the tail. to ensure experiment protocols to be precisely controlled and repeated. this feature allows the user to set the tail temperature at start of each test is to be started at up to 75 degrees celsius. once that preset temperature is reached the test and the timer starts automatically and after the tail flicks the timer and light stop and the result is displayed. readout will now show in repeatable sequence the start and end temperatures as well as test time. 
we recommend animals be restrained with one of the iitc restrainers.

this unit solves the problem associated with “tail temperature prior to and at the end of testing.”
see article: kjell hole and arne tjolsen: the tail-flick formalin test in rodents: changes in skin temperature as a confounding factor. 
pain 53 (1993) pages. 247-254 elsevier).

features
tail temperature optional (t)
precise programmable digital control 
humane cut-off feature, set by user 
adjustable beam intensity in 1% increments 
reaction is detected automatically 
(tail flick test set-up) 
manual override of all timer functions
all functions and parameters entered via key-pad 
heated glass option only from iitc
footswitch - rs232 - printer output (standard)

相关文献：

t schneider, a roman, a basta-kaim, m kubera… - …, 2008 - elsevier

… adverse developmental consequences produced by early brain injuries, especially in animal
models of human … valproic acid have not been studied in the presented animal model of autism …
withdrawal test carried out using an analgesia meter apparatus (mod 33, iitc, inc, usa …

  

r karlsten, c post, i hide, jw daly - neuroscience letters, 1991 - elsevier

… the animals were used only once. testing of tail flick was performed using an iitc inc. model
33 analgesiameter, with the light focused on the tip of the tail [3]. the intensity of the beam was
adjusted to give a reaction time of 3-4 s before the it injection of the drug solutions …

t schneider, r przewłocki - neuropsychopharmacology, 2005 - nature.com

… the thermal paw withdrawal test was carried out using an analgesia meter apparatus (mod 33,
iitc, inc., usa) … aberrations described in this paper appear before puberty, which could distinguish the vpa rat model of autism from other animal models of psychiatric …

  

[pdf] 

j jurcovicova, m stancikova, k svik… - clinical and …, 2001 - clinexprheumatol.org

… they had free access to food. in group four aa was induced and the animals received 60%
of the food consumed by the arthritic rats (group 3) on the previous day … the pain threshold
was measured using the tail flick analgesia meter (model 33 iitc inc …

 

y yajima, m narita, m narita, n matsumoto, t suzuki - brain research, 2002 - elsevier

… each of the hind paws of mice was tested individually using a thermal stimulus apparatus (model
33 analgesia meter; iitc inc./life science … an aliquot of tissue sample was diluted with an equal volume of electrophoresis sample buffer (protein gel loading dye-2x …

  

[html] 

m nishiyori,  - molecular pain, 2008 - molecularpain.biomedcentral.com

… 10 μg in the neuropathic pain model, which is consistent with the previous study that … the ics model is a promising candidate for experimental fms or generalized pain syndrome models … thermal paw withdrawal test was carried out using a thermal stimulus (model 33 tail flick …

m kalinichev, kw easterling, sg holtzman - psychopharmacology, 2001 - springer

… an organism's responsiveness to stress has been exten- sively investigated in several rodent
models … previous findings by kehoe and blass (1986) provide indirect evidence indicating that
maternal … a light source was focused on the lower third of the tail (model 33, tail flick …

k starowicz, sa mousa, , a chocyk… - pharmacological …, 2009 - elsevier

… pwl) in response to noxious thermal stimuli using an analgesia meter (mod 33, iitc inc., landing, nj … the initial phase of the cci model of neuropathic pain involves inflammation around the nerve …restricted to the dorsal horns of the spinal cord, similar to previous studies [26 …

ar gintzler, br komisaruk - brain research, 1991 - elsevier

… a lamp mounted 8 cm above the tail and was maintained until a response was elicited or 10 s
had elapsed (iitc inc., model 33, landing, nj) … since in a previous study, there was no correlation between the magnitude of increase in tfl produced by vaginal stimulation and the …

  

yz gao, sy guo, qz yin, t hisamitsu… - the american journal of …, 2007 - world scientific

… previous studies have demonstrated that electroacupuncture (ea) at st36 acupoint could produce profound analgesia … recording the tail flick latency (tfl) induced by radiant heat using model 33 tail flick … briefly, 750 ng of fast recovery sample crna were mixed with 750 ng of …

  

[pdf] 

i pekarkova, s parara, v holecek, p stopka, l trefil… - physiol res, 2001 - biomed.cas.cz

… it was found in our previous research in the field of pain that after repeated painful … the tail-flick test (tf) (tail flick analgesia meter model 33, iitc inc., life science instruments, usa) measures the … sample preparation on the last day of the experiment (the 5th day), after all the …

  

k niikura, m narita, m narita, a nakamura, d okutsu… - neuroscience …, 2008 - elsevier

… paws of rats were tested individually using a thermal stimulus apparatus (model 33 analgesia
meter … in the present study, sample preparation was performed 10 days after partial sciatic … 2b).
consistent with many previous studies which have characterized afferent projections to …

[pdf] 

, , , … - 2012 - inforesights.com

… antinocieptive activity of toddalia asiatica (l) lam. in models of central and peripheral pain … tail flick test a radiant heat tail-flick iitc inc. model 33 analgesiometer was used to measure response latencies according to the method described previously (corrêa et al., 1996) …

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